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Curs optional filosofie

Filosofie, ştiinţă şi religie în “Republica literelor”:

originile minţii moderne

Curs optional, parte a grantului internaţional Shaping the Republic of Letters: Science, philosophy and theology in Early Modern Europe

(director de grant: Dana Jalobeanu)

Cursul face parte dintr-un proiect dezvoltat de Dana Jalobeanu la centrul de cercetare Fundamentele modernităţii europene, Universitatea Bucureşti, proiect care a câştigat grantul Curriculum Development Center al Central European University. In cadrul acestui grant, se implementează un număr de şase cursuri pilot, în şase facultăţi din trei centre universitare diferite (Universitatea Bucureşti, Universitatea Babeş Bolyai, Universitatea de Vest « Vasile Goldiş » din Arad). Fiecare din aceste cursuri va explora originile modernităţii, dintr-o perspectivă contextuală şi interdisciplinară, cu o importantă componentă de cercetare centrată pe studiul textelor originale în contextul intelectual în care au fost scrise. Cursurile oferă elementele de bază cu ajutorul cărora studentul poate porni într-o explorare a fundamentelor modernităţii europene, recuperând texte, autori sau întrebări constitutive pentru formarea modului nostru de a gândi. Cursul propune, de asemenea, un mod de predare interactiv, axat pe problematizare, oferă un sylabus flexibil, care poate varia în funcţie de interesele studenţilor, şi propune ca evaluare organizarea simulată a unei sesiuni de comunicări unde să fie prezentate rezultatele originale ale cercetării întreprinse de studenţi pe parcursul unui semestru.

Obiective :

Scopul principal al acestui curs este încurajarea citirii textelor originale în contextul în care au fost scrise. Pentru aceasta, vom porni de la texte filosofice majore presupuse a fi parţial cunoscute şi le vom citi şi discuta împreună în contextul intelectual format din tratate, scrisori, texte filosofice contemporane cu ele, astăzi complet sau aproape necunoscute. Vom vedea astfel cum a început să se constituie ceea ce numim astăzi « filosofie modernă » dintr-o continuă şi fertilă interacţiune a minţilor, dintr-o permanentă colaborare intelectuală într-o lume în care graniţele disciplinare erau mult mai fluide decât astăzi.

Tematică şi bibliografie

Cursul este construit pe baza experienţei de cercetare a directorului de proiect şi a specialiştilor implicaţi în proiect. Foloseşte bibliografie mai puţin cunoscută în România, multe scrieri de ultimă oră, articole de cercetare apărute în jurnale de top, respectiv, în măsura posibilului, ediţiile originale ale scrierilor discutate.

Temele şi materialele de curs, inclusiv o parte din bibliografia primară vor fi accesibile on-line pe pagina de internet a cursului, la http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/. Tot acolo studenţii pot consulta variantele de programă analitică şi sylabus oferite studenţilor de la alte specializări (masteratul de Studii culturale britanice, Universitatea Bucureşti, masteratul de istoria ştiinţei, Universitatea Babeş Bolyai, Cluj, masteratul de studii europene, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldiş) şi pot alege să intre în legătură cu grupuri de studenţi care lucrează la proiecte similare. Studenţii sunt, desigur, invitaţi să participe şi la celelalte cursuri ale acestui proiect care se desfăşoară în Bucureşti.

Bibliografia secundară se găseşte fie la biblioteca New Europe College fie la biblioteca centrului de cercetare Fundamentele Modernităţii Europene. Multe materiale sunt disponibile în format electronic, aşa că nu ezitaţi să le cereţi profesorului după curs !

Teme de curs :

Notă : Temele de mai jos sunt orientative, în funcţie de interesul şi nivelul studenţilor vom insista mai mult asupra unora dintre ele şi vom adăuga sau modifica lista de texte pentru seminar.

Tema 1 : « Noua filosofie », filosofie modernă, modernitate : cum se constituie un canon şi ce putem găsi dincolo de el

Istoria filosofiei sau filosofia analitică: trasarea coordonatelor unei dezbateri
Kant, « Ce este luminarea ? » şi ce era înainte
Voltaire şi « la saine philosophie »

Bibliografie :

Kant, « Răspuns la întrebarea : « Ce este luminarea », în M. Flonta, ed. Filosofia practică a lui Kant, Editura Polirom, 2000, 118-127

Voltaire, « Lettres philosophiques » (fragmente), « Le siecle de Louis XIV », cap. 1 şi 29

Bacon, « Noul Organon », cartea I

Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, book I, Valerius Terminus, bk I (volumele III, IV din ediţia Speding a operelor complete, disponibilă la NEC, ambele texte sunt disponibile şi online la http://www.luminarium.org/, link la Bacon). Puteti consulta si traducerea mea la prima carte din The Advancement of Learning, pe pagina Individual Courses.

Bibliografie secundară:

Roy Porter, The English Enlightenment, Cap 1

Stephen Gaukroger, Francis Bacon and the transformation of early modern philosophy, CUP, 2002

Tema 2: Disoluţia lumii, “criza conştiinţei europene” şi “revoluţia ştiinţifică” : cadrul contextual şi istoriografic al discuţiei despre « originile minţii moderne »

De la lumea închisă la universul infinit: teza
Un curs de filosofie la 1600 : Ratio studiorum şi importanţa filosofiei naturale
Cum arată lumea la 1700 : cartezieni, newtonieni şi « sectele filosofilor »

Bibliografie primară

Ratio studiorum, 1599 (textul pe CD)

Voltaire, Lettres philosophiques (fragmente)

Sorbiere, La relation d’un voyage en Engleterre, Paris, 1664 (fragmente)

Scrisorile care declanşează corespondenţa Leibniz Clarke (Leibniz to Caroline, Conti to Caroline, publicate de A. Robinet, 1996)

Bibliografie secundară :

Alexandre Koyre, De la lumea închisă la universul infinit, Ch. 1-3

Christoph Luthy. “What to do with seventeenth-century philosophy: a taxonomical problem”. Perspectives on Science, 8.2, 2000, 164-195

Stephen Menn, „The Intellectual setting“ in Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, CUP, 1998, v.1, 33-86

Lorraine Daston, “The Nature of nature in Early Modern Europe”, Configurations, 6, (1998) 149-172

Bibliografie suplimentară:

William Petty, The advice of W.P. to Mr. Samuel Hartlib, London 1648

Sorbiere, A Voyage to England, containing Many things relating to the State of Learning, Religion and Other Curiosities of that Kingdom, London 1709 (răspunsul lui Thomas Sprat şi o variantă rescrisă a textului 3 cu eliminarea pasajelor controversate)

John Evelyn, The Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, ed. W. Bray, 3 vols, London, 1852

Birch, The History of Royal Society, London, 1890.

Peter Dear, Discipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1995

Peter Dear, “What is the History of Science the History Of? Early Modern Roots of the Ideology of Modern Science”, ISIS, 2005, 390-406

Cursul online despre revoluţia ştiinţifică al lui Robert A. Hatch (Columbia)

Paul Hazard, Criza conştiinţei europene, Humanitas, 2007, Cap. V, « Psihologia neliniştii »

Roger Ariew, Descartes and the last Scholastics, CUP, 1999

Tema 3: Disputele şi « sectele filosofilor » : corespondenţa savantă, « Republica literelor » şi « noua filosofie »

Un termen recurent devine evident la cea mai sumară sau superficială investigaţie a gândirii secolului al XVII-lea: \”noua filosofie\”. Ce este \”noua filosofie\”? Se vorbeşte de ea încă de la sfârşitul secolului al XVI-lea, ca alternativă la filosofia aristotelică predată în universităţi. Se vorbeşte de ea la sfârşitul secolului al XVII-lea când, în mod evident, nu mai poate fi vorba de o \”nouă filosofie\” ci de o multitudine de \”noi filosofii\” aflate în competiţie. Vom încerca să investigăm modul în care s-a impus această temă a \”noii filosofii\” ca alternativă la trecut, într-o dezbatere care ia în discuţie statutul anticilor în raport cu modernii, filosofia, studiul naturii şi teologia. Vom vedea apoi cum tema \”noii filosofii\” se transformă într-o largă dezbatere privitoare la alternativele posibile, formarea de noi şcoli filosofice şi semnalarea pericolului \”sectarianismului\” în filosofie. Nu vom folosi însă literatura secundară asupra acestui subiect, ci vom merge direct la sursele primare, încercând să vedem cum reflectau filosofii secolului al XVII-lea asupra timpului prezent şi asupra propriilor lor încercări.

Bacon, Bruno şi \”noua filosofie\” ca manifest în războiul dintre antici şi moderni
Glanvill, Societatea regală şi \”noii filosofi\”: filosofie speculativă, filosofie experimentală şi sectele filosofilor
Voltaire, Lettres Philosophiques, scrisorile despre Bacon (XII) şi Descartes şi Newton (XIV)
Corespondenţa Leibniz Clarke : text şi context
Păstrarea şi transmiterea manuscriselor baconiene : rolul corespondenţei savante în punerea în aplicare a proiectului baconian de reformă a a cunoaşterii

Bibliografie primară :

Voltaire, Lettres philosophiques (vezi varianta electronică pe : gallica.fr) – scrisorile despre Descartes şi Newton

Corespondenţa Leibniz Clarke, Humanitas, 2002

Bibliografie secundară

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Napoca Star, 2006, Cap. Noua filosofie şi noii filosofi

Alexandre Koyre, De la lumea închisă la universul infinit, Cap. 7

Graham Rees, Francis Bacon’s Philosophical Writings, 1611-13, The Oxford Francis Bacon, XIV, Introducere

Bibliografie suplimentară:

Peter Dear, “Totius in verba: Rhetoric and Authority in the Early Royal Society”, ISIS 76 (1985) 145-161

Enzio Vailati, Leibniz şi Clarke, Editura Tehnică, 2004

Dana Jalobeanu, “The missing part of a definition: Clarke, Newton’s sect and another way of saving the miracles in seventeenth century”, ARCHES, 7, 2004 (online la http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ )

Dana Jalobeanu, “The politics of science and the origins of modernity: Building consensus in Early Royal Society”, in Zeitsprunge, Forschungen zur Fruher Neuzeit, Frankfurt am Main, 10 (2006) 386-400

P. Miller, Peiresc’s Europe, CUP, 2006

Tema 4 : Ce este « noua filosofie » ? (I) : \”Reforma cunoaşterii\”, noua comunitate filosofică şi Baconianismul filosofiei naturale

Dintre definiţiile noii filosofii nu este nici una care să nu vorbească de o mare reformă a cunoaşterii umane. Trăsăturile acesteia sunt refuzul autorităţii sau măcar înlocuirea autorităţii tradiţionale cu o alta, alternativă (Platonism sau stoicism în loc de aristotelism), scepticismul (drastic sau metodologic), căutarea unei metode unice, valabile pentru întreaga cunoaştere, reorganizarea sistematică a filosofiei (eventual într-un alt tip de sistem), interogarea asupra subiectului cunoscător şi a limitelor cunoaşterii. Vom discuta o parte din aceste trăsături pornind de la cateva dintre manifestele secolului al XVII-lea vizând reforma cunoaşterii. O serie de discuţii de seminar vor explora semnificaţia şi importanţa proiectului baconian aşa cum apare el în The Advancement of Learning.

Tema reformei cunoaşterii în secolul al XVII-lea
Joseph Glanvill, Societatea Regală şi tema reformei cunoaşterii
Bacon, progresul şi reforma cunoaşterii

Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere şi studiu introductiv de Dana Jalobeanu, Editura Nemira, 20007

Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, 1605

Ediţia din 1605 şi o traducere în curs de revizuire se găsesc pe pagina Individual courses

Joseph Glanvill, Plus Ultra, London, 1668.

Puteti accesa textul lui Glanvill pe pagina de Course materials

Tema 5: Descartes şi proiectul Meditaţiilor metafizice (6 ore şi două întâlniri de seminar)

Descartes este prezentat de istoriile canonice ale filosofiei drept punctul de origine al modernităţii filosofice. Oare de ce? Sunt trăsăturile de obicei invocate în sprijinul acestei teze caracteristice lui Descartes? Apar ele cu adevărat în textele carteziene? În ce context? Cursul îşi propune o investigare pe text a proiectului Meditaţiilor, încadrându-l în contextul intelectual deja discutat al epocii. În trei întâlniri de curs şi seminar, studenţii vor înainta pe text, explicitând proiectul cartezian, lămurind termenii şi înţelegând miza discuţiei. Vom demonstra cel puţin două lucruri. Primul, mai puţin important, se referă la cât de puţin acurată este imaginea tradiţională. Al doilea, mai important, se referă la modul în care putem reconstrui, pe text, o discuţie filosofică în contextul intelectual în care ea a fost purtată.

· De la proiectul Discursului la proiectul Meditaţiilor

· Rolul corespondenţei savante în elaborarea unui proiect filosofic

· Descartes versus Gassendi : ce putem învăţa dintr-o dispută

· Este « noua filosofie » un proiect colectiv ?

Bibliografie :

Descartes, Discurs asupra metodei, 1-2, 6

Descartes, Meditaţii metafizice (răspunsuri şi obiecţii)

Ariew, Descartes’ Meditations : Background source materials

Bibliografie secundară :

Garber, Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics, Chicago, 1992

Gaukroger, Descartes. An Intellectual Biography, 1995

Garber, Perspectives on Science, 1992 (număr special consacrat disputei între Descartes şi Gassendi)

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Cap. 6

Tema 6 : Ce este “noua filosofie” (III): Există o criză sceptică în secolul al XVII-lea ?

Cu tot ce am învăţat până acum, ce putem răspunde la întrebarea privitoare la noua filosofie? În ce mod proiectul baconian şi cel cartezian sunt \”noi\”? Ce puncte comune putem observa între ele? Ce puncte comune putem observa cu alte texte similare ale epocii? Putem reconstrui o tipologie a noii filosofii pornind de la textele citite?

Problema limitelor intelectului şi rolul terapeutic al filosofiei
Provocarea sceptică şi « teza Popkin »

Bibliografie :

Descartes, Meditaţii, II

Bacon, Noul Organon, I

Newton, General Scholium, concluzia publicată la ediţia a doua a Principiilor matematice ale filosofiei naturale (ediţia românească, Editura Stiinţifică, 1957, traducere V. Marian). Variante şi drafturi successive în Hall, Hall, Unpublished papers of sir Isaac Newton, CUP, 1962.

Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere şi studiu introductive de Dana Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007

Bibliografie secundară :

Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle, OUP, 2003

Mathew Jones, The Good life in the Scientific Revolution, Chicago University Press, 2006, partea I

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, cap. 7

Dana Jalobeanu, studiu introductiv la Noua Atlantidă

Bibliografie suplimentară (pentru proiecte de cercetare)

Primară :

Francis Bacon, Valerius Terminus, în Speding, The Collected Works of Francis Bacon, vol III, online la http://www.luminarium.org/ (link la Francis Bacon)

Robert Hooke, A philosophical algebra, în Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke, London, 1705

Robert Hooke, prefaţă la Micrographia

Robert Boyle, A free inquiry into the vulgarly received notion of nature, ed. Hunter, CUP 1998

Secundară:

Condren, Gaukroger, Hunter, eds. The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, CUP, 2006

Stephen Gaukroger, Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy, CUP, 2001

Daniel Garber, Roger Ariew, The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, v. 1, CUP, 1998

Margaret Osler, Divine will and mechanical philosophy, CUP, 1994.

Tema 6 : Ce este « noua filosofie » ? (IV) : Modelul baconian şi naşterea filosofiei experimentale (4 ore şi două întâlniri de seminar)

Putem împărţi \”noua filosofie\” în \”speculativă\” şi \”experimentală\”? Care sunt distincţiile dintre cele două direcţii? Putem vedea în Bacon şi Descartes punctele de pornire, întrebările şi conceptele majore care dau o asemenea împărţire în a doua parte a secolului al XVII-lea? În acest curs vom reveni la Bacon şi la cei care l-au citit şi urmat în a doua parte a secolului al XVII-lea, încercând să vedem ce fel de disciplină filosofică s-a constituit în acest fel.

Cine este « noul filosof » ?
Logică, fizică, teologie şi eliminarea metafizicii
Proiecte utopice de comunitate savantă : de ce este secolul al XVII-lea « Baconian » ?

Bibliografie :

Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere şi studiu introductiv de Dana Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007

Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society, III

Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, Bk II

Joseph Glanvill, Plus ultra, London, 1668

Corespondenţa Hartlib-Dury (variantă electronică pe CD)

Bibliografie secundară:

William T. Lynch, Solomon’s Child: Method in Early Royal Society London, Stanford University Press, 2001, Introduction, Chap. I

Dan Garber, \”Experiment, Community, and the Constitution of Nature in the 17th Century.\” Perspectives on Science: Historical, Philosophical, Social 3 (1995), 173-205.

Bibliografie suplimentară:

Primară:

Abraham Cowley, A proposal for the advancement of learning, London, 1661

Samuel Harlib, Macaria, London, 1668

Pierre Amboise, La philosophie naturelle de M. Bacon, Paris, 1631

Secundară:

Charles Webster, The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine, and Reform, 1626-1660. chap. 6: \’The Puritan World View and the Rise of Modern Science.\’ London, Duckworth, 1975.

Richard Foster-Jones, Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Rise of the Scientific Movement in 17^th century England, Dover Publications, Dover, 1982

Lorraine Daston, “Baconian Facts, Academic Civility and the Prehistory of Objectivity”, 1991

Dana Jalobeanu, “Bacon’s Brotherhood and its classical sources”, in Francis Bacon and the birth of technology, edited by Gisela Engels and Claus Zittel, Interractions (2008) forthcoming

Tema 7 : « Noua filosofie » şi noua religie ? Boyle, Newton şi proiectul Christian Virtuoso

În Anglia secolului al XVII-lea, noua filosofie experimentală a avut o trăsătură caracteristică extrem de interesantă. Ea s-a înfăţişat, de la început, într-o stranie alianţă cu religia. Cursul va explora câteva dintre scrierile caracteristice pentru acest tip de alianţă. Vom încerca să vedem ce spun ele, ce fel de investigaţie filosofică presupun, cui se adresează, ce înfăţişare propun pentru \”noul filosof\” sau pentru comunitatea savantă. Vom vedea că acest tip de texte este esenţial pentru constituirea unui proiect colectiv, pentru discursul public al ştiinţei şi pentru susţinerea şi funcţionarea \”republicii literelor\”.

Bibliografie primară

Robert Boyle, Christian Virtuoso, London 1691 (vezi şi http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ )

Robert Boyle, A discourse of things above reason (ambele în variantă electronică pe CD)

Isaac Newton, De Gravitatione, General Scholium, corespondenţa cu Bentley

Thomas Sprat, The History of Royal Society, III

Bibliografie secundară:

Peter Anstey, The Philosophy of Robert Boyle, CUP, 2001

Ben-Chaim, Michael. Experimental Philosophy and the Birth of Empirical Science. Boyle, Locke, and Newton. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, cap. 7

Evaluare :

Propunem pentru acest curs o metodă de evaluare « pe parcurs » în care studenţii vor învăţa să pregătească, să redacteze şi să susţină un proiect de cercetare. In prima fază a evaluării, studenţii vor alege o temă din cele oferite şi vor alcătui o bibliografie adnotată (20 % din notă), apoi un proiect de cercetare (20 % din notă). O primă formă a lucrării va fi susţinută în cadrul unui seminar şi discutată cu profesorul şi cu colegii (20 %). Ultima fază a evaluării va fi organizarea unei sesiuni de comunicări în care studenţii vor susţine, pe rând, lucrările de cercetare pregătite, în aceleaşi condiţii ca la orice conferinţă de specialitate (20 de minute timp de prezentare, 20 de minute timp pentru întrebări). In funcţie de interesul studenţilor, această sesiune s-ar putea organiza în comun, cu studenţii de la celelalte specializări care urmează variante ale acestui curs. Cele mai bune dintre lucrările prezentate vor fi postate pe site-ul cursului, iar autorii lor vor fi încurajaţi să le prezinte la seminarul anual internaţional de la Bran organizat de centrul Fundamentele Modernităţii Europene, New Europe College şi Princeton University.

Teme de cercetare :

1. Traducere şi editare de texte (Propuneri)

a. Gassendi, obiecţii la meditaţiile metafizice, răspunsurile lui Descartes şi pasajele corespunzătoare din Disquisitio Metaphysica. Ar fi vorba de o nouă traducere în limba română, cea existentă (C. Noica) fiind insuficient de acurată şi fără aparat critic. Prin punerea împreună a mai multe texte pe această temă, prin clarificarea termenilor şi plasarea disputei în context s-ar putea realiza un adevărat proiect de cercetare.

Limba originală : latina

Dificultate : medie

Interes filosofic : remarcabil

b. Scrisorile lui Descartes către Mersenne din anul 1630 – este vorba de două celebre scrisori în care găsim primele referinţe carteziene la un tratat de metafizică în curs de elaborare. In ele, Descartes expune o doctrină esenţială pentru elaborarea ulterioară a sistemului său, doctrina creaţiei « adevărurilor eterne ». Sunt texte de un considerabil interes filosofic care nu continuă să-i uimească pe cercetători.

Limba originală : franceza

Interes filosofic : mare

c. Francis Bacon, Valerius Terminus – unul dintre cele mai misterioase texte baconiene, rămas în manuscris şi redescoperit abia în secolul al XIX-lea. A circulat mult în epocă, există încă o serie de copii manuscrise. Nu a fost niciodată tradus în limba română.

Limba originală : engleză.

Dificultate : mare (în special de limbă).

Interes filosofic : remarcabil

d. Francis Bacon, Of the Interpretation of Nature, unul dintre textele scurte şi introductive despre care editorii lui Bacon cred că reprezintă o prefigurare a programului Instauratio Magna.

Limba originală: engleză

Dificultate: medie

Interes filosofic: oferă un interesant cadru contextual pentru proiectele baconiene de mai târziu

2. Reconstrucţie conceptuală (temele de mai jos sunt doar orientative)

a. Rolul şi importanţa spaţiului absolut în filosofia naturală newtoniană

b. Cum şi unde se aplică metoda carteziană în scrierile lui Descartes ?

c. Criticile newtoniene la adresa teoriei carteziene a materiei

d. Criticile aduse de Spinoza Principiilor filosofiei

e. Noţiunea de corp fizic la Descartes, Spinoza şi Leibniz

f. Problema acţiunii : cauzalitate secundă şi forţe fizice la Descartes şi Leibniz

g. Rolul cogito-ului în construirea sistemului cartezian

3. Arheologie conceptuală (exemple de teme posibile)

a. Sensorium Dei înainte de Newton

b. Principii active şi forţe fizice în prima parte a secolului al XVII-lea

c. Originile antice ale folosirii terapeutice a filosofiei şi transmiterea « exerciţiilor spirituale » în filosofia modernă

d. Conceptul de « forţă rezistentă » şi sursele lui

e. Newton, More, Cudworth : posibile influenţe asupra teoriei newtoniene a spaţiului absolute

4. Istorie intelectuală (exemple de teme posibile)

a. Originile renascentiste ale temei « reformei cunoaşterii »

b. « Filosofie naturală » şi « teologie » sau « ştiinţă » şi « religie » : evoluţia unei relaţii în secolele XVII-XVIII

c. Ce este « Baconianismul » secolului al XVII –lea ?

d. Societatea Regală Britanică şi Academie de Sciences : evoluţia unor relaţii intelectuale

e. Modele de corespondenţă intelectuală şi modele de reţele ale cunoaşterii în secolele XVII-XVIII

f. Naşterea primelor jurnale ştiinţifice : privire comparativă

g. Cartea ca obiect în secolul al XVII-lea : cititori, tipografi, difuzare

h. Cercul lui Samuel Hartlib şi « revoluţia ştiinţifică »

Logo Unibuc

Bucharest Colloquium 2008

Bucharest colloquium in Early Modern Philosophy

30^th June – 2^nd July 2008

New Europe College – Institute of Advanced Studies

Vanishing bodies and the birth of modern physics:

experimental philosophy, speculative philosophy and the missing matter theory of the seventeenth century

ORGANIZING INSTITUTIONS

Research centre Foundations of Early Modernity, University of Bucharest

Princeton University

University of Otago, New Zeeland

New Europe College, Institute of Advanced Studies

SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS

University of Notre Dame

Nanovic Institute for European Studies, University of Notre Dame

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Daniel Garber, Princeton University

Peter Anstey, Otago University

Vlad Alexandrescu, University of Bucharest

Dana Jalobeanu, Western University “Vasile Goldis”, Arad

PROGRAM

Monday, 30^th of June

10.00-10.30 Opening addresses:

Daniel Garber (Princeton University)

Peter Anstey (University of Otago, New Zeeland)

Dana Jalobeanu (Western University, “Vasile Goldis”, University of Bucharest)

Morning session:

Chair: Vlad Alexandrescu (University of Bucharest)

10.30 -11.30 Roger Ariew (University of South Florida) The new matter theory and its epistemology: Descartes (and Late Scholastics) on hypotheses and moral certainty

11.30-12.00 Coffee break

12.00-13.00 Christoph Luthy (Radbound University Nijmegen) But was there a mechanical philosophy besides Descartes\’?

13.00-14.30 Lunch

Afternoon session:

Chair: Roger Ariew (University of South Florida)

14.30-15.30 Peter Anstey (University of Otago, New Zeeland) The matter of medicine: new medical matter theories in mid-seventeenth-century England

15.30-16.00 Coffee break

16.00-17.00 Lucian Petrescu (University of Bucharest) Descartes on evanescent forms and enduring hylemorphism

17.00-18.00 Vlad Alexandrescu (University of Bucharest) Post- Cartesian atomism: The case of Francois Bernier

Tuesday, 1^st July

Chair: Dana Jalobeanu, (Western University “Vasile Goldis”, Arad, University of Bucharest)

10.00- 11.00 Daniel Garber (Princeton University) Leibniz, matter theory, and monads

11.00-11.30 Coffee

11.30-12.30 Katherine Brading (Notre Dame University) On composite systems: Descartes, Newton, and Leibniz

12.30-13.30 Eric Schliesser (University of Leyden) Without God: Gravity as a relational and accidental property of matter in Newton

13.30-15.00 Lunch

Chair: Daniel Garber (Princeton University)

15.30-16.30 William Harper (University of Western Ontario), Newton, Huygens, Wren and Wallis: pendulum experiments as measurements establishing the equality of action and reaction in collision.

16.30-17.00 Coffee

17.00-18.00 John Bell (University of Western Ontario) Infinitesimals in 17^th century

Wednesday, 2^nd July

Chair: Peter Anstey (University of Otago, New Zeeland)

10.00-11.00 Jani Hakkarainen (University of Tampere, Finland) Making Body Vanish – Hume\’s and Berkeley’s Abstraction Arguments against the Early Modern Conception of Body

11.00-11.30 Coffee break

11.30-12.30 Mihnea Dobre (University of Bucharest and Radbound University, Nijmegen) The invisible nature of body in Descartes’ natural philosophy

12.30-13.30 Norma B. Goethe (National University of Cordoba, Argentina), Vanishing figures and numbers: continuity and Leibniz uses of physical and mathematical analogy

13.30 -14.30 Lunch

Political Philosophy

Political Philosophy

Foundations of European Modernity: Shaping the “Republic of letters”

– SYLLABUS –

INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Cătălin Avramescu

PERSONAL WEBPAGE: web.mac.com/avramescu

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is a course for the second- and third-year students designed to be an introduction to the main topics in Political Philosophy. Most classical syllabi propose a representative selection from the major authors, such as the famous “from Plato to NATO” set. Others are oriented thematically, with bits of texts from a number of authors being probed in order to create an image of the main arguments relevant to a particular topic. Here, however, we will follow a different path. Though we will often refer to contemporary political philosophers such as Rawls, Nozick or Foucault, the course will focus on a crucial period in the formation of our contemporary political experience and values, namely, the early modern period (17^th and 18^th centuries).

This course is a part of the CDC 2007 grant entitled Shaping the Republic of Letters: Science, philosophy and religion in Early Modern Europe. See details concerning the grant at

http://modernthought.unibuc.ro/En/2007/09/course-cdc-anouncement_25.html

The general aim of the course is to show how most the major concepts and ideas of modern and contemporary philosophy emerged as results of the philosophical, theological and political debates taking place in the 17^th and 18^th century. The course will focus on less known texts and their intellectual contexts, with an eye on the exchange of ideas taking place at the origins of modernity.

COURSE OBJECTIVES: A. To allow the student to achieve an understanding of some of the most important issues and theories in Political Philosophy. B. To present an overview of the development of Political Philosophy in the Modern Age. C. To encourage students to think critically and clearly.

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY: History of Political Philosophy (eds. Leo Strauss and Joseph Cropsey).

EDITIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: Most of the texts of the authors we will discuss are readily available in a in the department’s library, or on the internet, in the public domain. There are no indications of page numbers, as the students are expected to be capable to independently identify and to follow the relevant arguments. A CD-ROM with facsimile texts will be made available in class. Many facsimile texts could be found at Gallica virtual library: www.bnf.fr. Another good source of texts is the Online Library of Liberty. There is a sizeable collection of useful texts at www.constitution.org

More bibliographical indications, some related texts and themes may be found on the web-page of our project, at http://modernthought.unibuc.ro/En/2007/09/course-cdc-anouncement_25.html. The students can also find there the syllabus of the relating courses taught within our project and interact with students from other faculties involved in the explorations of early modernity.

COURSE/SEMINAR REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION: The course covers two out of the available three hours and the rest would be reserved for discussions and clarifications of the materials previously presented. It is necessary that students read in advance the texts. The activity in the seminar would not be taken into consideration as it is only one means among other for the students to assimilate the information. There will be a final viva voce examination. In addition to that, the students will be required to write three short essays (around 5 pages) on topics that will be announced one week in advance.

Week 1

Sovereignty

Talking points: Who developed the modern notion of “sovereignty”? What other similar terms were in use in early modern political thought? Is this a primarily juridical or a political concept?

Bibliography:

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (Second Part: Of Commonwealth, especially chapters 17 and 18)

Leo Strauss, The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: its Basis and Genesis

Week 2

Citizenship

Talking points: What is the difference between a citizen and a subject? What is the role of the social contract? What is popular sovereignty?

Bibliography:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (Book II, especially chapters 9 and 10)

Judith N. Shklar, Men and citizens: a study of Rousseau\’s social theory

Week 3

Liberal Education

Talking points: What is the role of education in the formation of a citizen? Which are the alternatives to a liberal education? Should education be compulsory?

Bibliography:

George Turnbull, Observation upon Liberal Education (Part III: An Essay upon Liberal Education)

Alan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (especially Part II: Nihilism, American Style)

Week 4

Virtue

Talking points: Which are the sources of the modern theory of virtue? How is this theory distinct from utilitarianism? Which are the main virtues that are necessary in a modern society?

Bibliography:

David Hume, Enquiry concerning the Principle of Morals (Section One: Of the General Principles of Morals and Section Two: Of Benevolence).

Peter Jones, Hume’s Sentiments

Week 5

Property

Talking points: Is the right to property natural? Is there a difference in nature between public and private property? Should the right to property override other rights?

Bibliography:

John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Book II, chapters 1 and 5)

C. B. Macpherson, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke

Week 6

Equality

Talking points: When has equality became an important political value? What species of equality are there? Does belief in equality results in levelling of useful social distinctions?

Bibliography

Denis Diderot, Supplément au voyage de Bougainville

Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia (especially chapters 1, 2 and 3)

Week 7

Feminism

Talking points: What arguments were advanced to support inequality of sexes? Is gender equality fundamentally good? Should modern democracies recognize the need for affirmative action in order to promote gender equality?

Bibliography:

Condorcet, On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship

Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex

Week 8

Progress

Talking points: Is there a specifically modern belief in progress? Is progress inevitable? Is there a cost of progress?

Bibliography:

Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society (especially Part 2 Of The History of Rude Nations, and Part 5 Of the Decline of Nations)

Karl Popper, The Poverty of Historicism

Week 9

Ideal Society

Talking points: Is there a specifically modern form of utopianism? What is the difference between utopian and exemplary constitutions? Are utopias inherently optimistic?

Bibliography:

James Harrington, Oceana (especially Part III, The Model of the Commonwealth of Oceana)

Frank Manuel & Fritzie Manuel, Utopianism in the Western World

Week 10

The Aesthetic State

Talking points: Is Beauty a necessary dimension of Justice? What is the political function of Art? Could and should ideology be separated from the realm of the aesthetic?

Bibliography:

Shaftesbury, Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (especially Inquiry Concerning Virtue and Merit)

Joseph Chytry, The Aesthetic State. A Quest in Modern German Thought

Week 11

Republicanism

Talking points: What difference there is between classical and modern republicanism? Has republicanism vanished as a political ideology? What difference there is between liberalism and republicanism?

Bibliography:

John Adams, Thoughts on Government

Paul Rahe, Republicanism, Ancient and Modern

Week 12

Peace

Talking points: Are the roots of peace theories theological or secular? Is peace a supreme political value? Are democracies more or less likely to engage in war?

Bibliography:

William Penn, An Essay towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe

Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man

Nota bene:

The first meeting of the class will take place Thursday, 11 October 2007.

Mihnea Dobre

mihneadobre[at]yahoo.com

Education

Since Nov. 2003 – Ph.D. student in Philosophy, Cotutelle between Radboud University Nijmegen (The Netherlands) and Bucharest University (Romania). Dissertation title: Experiment and Laws of Nature in Seventeenth Century Natural Philosophy: The Possibility of Founding of Natural Philosophy on Rationalism.

2003 – M.A. in Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy, Bucharest University.

2002 – B.A. in Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy, Bucharest University.

Employment

2007- Research Assistant in “The Research Center of Logic and the Philosophy and the History of Science” (University of Bucharest).

Scholarships and research grants

2008-2009: NEC-link grant for teaching the course on “Beyond Kuhnian paradigms: philosophy of science within historical context” (Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest). Director of grant: Dana Jalobeanu. Course offered in co-teaching system together with Dana Jalobeanu and Prof. Ilie Parvu. Grant offered by New Europe College.

2008: Research grant (PICNIC) for Ph.D. candidates at Radboud University Nijmegen (The Netherlands).

2007-2008: Young Doctoral Students Grant (TD), Offered by The National Research Council (Romania). Contract no. 402/ 10.2007.

2005-2006: Huygens scholarship for research at the Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands – a 10 month scholarship offered by Nuffic, starting 1st October 2005.

Affiliations

Since 2007 – Member of the Research Center of Logic and the Philosophy and the History of Science, University of Bucharest.

Since 2006 – Visiting member of the Center for the History of Philosophy and Science, Radboud University Nijmegen (The Netherlands)

Since 2002 – Member of the Research Center Foundations of Modern Thought, University of Bucharest.

Areas of competence

Descartes’s philosophy, Cartesianism

History of science and history of philosophy, especially in the early modern period.

Participation in conferences, seminars, papers presented at professional meetings

26-27.03.2009: Participation in the Bucharest Colloquium in Early Modern Philosophy, Beyond Kuhnian paradigms: was there a scientific revolution in 17th century, after all? Presentation of a paper with the title Cartesian Revolution: Descartes and early Cartesians on the foundations of physics.

12.12.2008: Presentation of a paper on The Cartesian Philosophy of Géraud de Cordemoy, in the seminars of the Research Center for the Foundations of Modern Thought (New Europe College, Bucharest)

10.-12.09.2008: Participation in the 3rd International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science (Vienna), Styles of Thinking in Science and Technology. Presentation of a paper with the title: The Foundations of Physics: Descartes’s style of thinking and its Cartesian followers.

27.07.-03.08.2008: Participation in the Bucharest-Princeton Seminar on Early Modern Philosophy (Malancrav, Romania). Contribution of a paper on A Tree without Roots? Descartes’s tree of knowledge and the early Cartesianism.

13.07.-20.07.2008: Participation in the European Science Foundation’s Summer School, The Soul: from Aristotelian ‘scientia de anima’ to early modern psychology. Presentation of a lecture with the title: Figuring the Man Mechanism: Descartes and the Early Cartesians on the Structure of the Mind-Body Union.

30.06.-02.07.2008: Participation in the Bucharest colloquium in Early Modern Philosophy, Vanishing bodies and the birth of modern physics: experimental philosophy, speculative philosophy and the missing matter theory of the seventeenth century. Presentation of a lecture on The invisible nature of body in Descartes’s natural philosophy.

12.-13.06.2008: Participation in the workshop “Institutions and Networks”, Leuven (Belgium), part of the larger research program Circulating Knowledge in Early Modern Science. I have presented a paper under the title Early Cartesianism in the Scientific Journals of the Seventeenth Century.

11.-12.04.2008: Participation in the Epicurean and Anti-Epicurean themes in Early Modern Philosophy, Leiden (The Netherlands). I have presented a paper under the title Shaping the Body: the Epicurean Temptation of the Early Cartesianism.

11.01.2008: Presentation of a paper at The New Europe College, Bucharest: “Relatia dintre metafizica si fizica in lucrarile Cartezienilor” (“The Relation between Metaphysics and Physics in the Works of Cartesians”). This is a part of the research project The Seminars of The Foundations of Early Modern Thought.

29.07.-03.08.2007: Participation in the Seminar on Early Modern Philosophy “Experiments, Reason, and Revelation: the moral value of studying nature in the seventeenth century” (Bran) organised by the Center of Research “Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University. Presentation of a lecture on The Quest for Certainty in Cartesian Natural Philosophy.

22.-25.04.2007: Participation in the workshop “Thought Experiments” (Athens) organised by the European Science Foundation program “From Natural Philosophy to Science”.

08.-11.11.2006: Participation in the workshop “The Machine as Model and Metaphor” (Berlin) organised by the European Science Foundation program “From Natural Philosophy to Science”.

30.07.-04.08.2006: Participation in the Seminar on Early Modern Philosophy „Disseminating Knowledge in the Seventeenth Century: Centres and Peripheries in the Republic of Letters” (Bran) organised by Center of Research „Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University. Presentation of a lecture on Scientific Journals of the Seventeenth Century.

24 February 2006: Presentation of a paper at Radboud University Nijmegen: “Descartes’s Matter Theory”.

25.-27.11.2004: Participation in the workshop “Mechanics and Cosmology” (Florence) organised by the European Science Foundation program “From Natural Philosophy to Science”.

06.–12.09.2004: Participation in the Princeton/Arad Seminar: “Theories of Matter and Mind in the Seventeenth Century” (Arad) organised by Center of Research “Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University; West University “Vasile Goldiş” Arad, and Association Roumaine des Chercheurs Francophones en Sciences Humaines. Presentation of a lecture on A Critique of the Cartesian Theory of Matter: Gérauld de Cordemoy.

10.06.–15.06.2004: Participation in the Summer School „The Impact of the Humanities on the Developement of European Science” (Venice) organised by the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti and the Galileo Chair of History of Science of the University of Padua.

29.01.–02.02.2004: Participation in the workshop “Mechanics and Natural Philosophy: Accommodation and Conflict” (Tenerife) organised by the European Science Foundation program “From Natural Philosophy to Science”.

September 2003: Participation in the Summer School „Souls, Clocks, Atoms and Forces: Competing Models of Individuals in Early Modern Thought” (Macea) organised by Center of Research “Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University; West University “Vasile Goldiş” Arad, and Association Roumaine des Chercheurs Francophones en Sciences Humaines. Contribution of a paper on A Soul Making Experiments: The Individualistic Approach to Experiment in Cartesian Natural Philosophy.

September 2002: Participation in the Summer School „Teaching History of Ideas as a Practice of Freedom” (Macea) organised by Center of Research “Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University; West University “Vasile Goldiş” Arad, Association Roumaine des Chercheurs Francophones en Sciences Humaines, and New Europe College Bucharest. Presented of a lecture entitled Discourse on Descartes’ Method.

September 2001: Participation in the Summer School „Spaces of Freedom in Modern Thought. Individuals, Reformation Projects, Multiple Societies” (Tescani) organised by Center of Research “Foundations of Modern Thought”, Bucharest University, Association Roumaine des Chercheurs Francophones en Sciences Humaines, and New Europe College Bucharest. Leader of a debate on Eternal Truths and the Problem of Possible Worlds in Descartes\’ Philosophy (together with Ciprian Tudor of the Politechnical Institute, Bucharest).

2000-2002: Participation in the workshop “Philosophy of Physics” at the Faculty of Philosophy, Bucharest University.

Articles

– “The Scientific Journals of the Seventeenth-Century: Cartesianism in Journal des Sçavans and Philosophical Transactions, 1665-1670” in Alexandrescu, Vlad (ed.), Branching off: The Early Moderns in Quest of the Unity of Knowledge, Zeta Books, forthcomming, 2009. (http://www.zetabooks.com/forthcoming-publications/vlad-alexandrescu-branching-off-the-early-moderns-in-quest-of-the-unity-of-know.html)

– Review of Fred Ablondi, Gerauld de Cordemoy: Atomist, Occasionalist, Cartesian (Milwaukee, 2005), in Early Science and Medicine 11 (2006), 365-67.

(http://brill.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/esm/2006/00000011/00000003/art00005)

– „Rolul experimentului în filosofia carteziană: o abordare individuală a ştiinţei”, Analele Universităţii \”Dunarea de Jos\” din Galati, fascicula XVIII (5), Filosofie, anul III, 2005, pp. 36-43. („The Role of Experiment in the Cartesian Natural Philosophy: An Individual Approach to Science”.)

(http://www.filosofie.ugal.ro/ANALE%205/cuprinsanale5.htm)

– \”Revoluţie ştiinţifică în secolul al XVII-lea. O analiză a conceptului de revoluţie ştiinţifică în contextul schimbărilor din secolul al XVII-lea\”, Analele Universităţii \”Dunarea de Jos\” din Galati, fascicula XVIII (3), Filosofie, anul II 2004, pp. 139 – 161. (“The Scientific Revolution in the Seventeenth Century. An analysis of the concept of scientific revolution in the context of the seventeenth century natural philosophy.”)

(http://www.filosofie.ugal.ro/ANALE%203/Anale%203%20cuprins.htm)

– „Discourse on Descartes’ Method”, in Alexandrescu, Vlad and Jalobeanu, Dana (eds.), Esprits modernes: études sur les modèles de pensée alternatifs, Bucharest: Editura Universităţii Bucureşti; Arad: „Vasile Goldiş” University Press, 2003.

(http://modernthought.unibuc.ro/docs/Esprits_Modernes.pdf)

Translations

– „Explicaţia succesului ştiinţei” („Explaining the success of science”) by James Robert Brown, in Flonta, Mircea & Nagât, Gabriel & Stefanov, Gheorghe (ed.), Introducere în teoria cunoasterii stiintifice : prezentare tematica, texte, literatura, Bucuresti: Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, 2004.

Research projects

– 2009-2011, Science, Politics, and Utopia in the Republic of Letters: Models of Producing and Disseminating Knowledge in Early Modern Europe. Director of grant: Vlad Alexandrescu.

– 2008-2009, The Seminars of The Foundations of Early Modern Thought

Organised by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, University of Bucharest, New Europe College.

– 2007-2012, The Bacon Edition: Romanian translation and edition of Francis Bacon’s philosophical works, Humanitas Publishing House.

– 2007-2008, The Seminars of The Foundations of Early Modern Thought

Organised by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, University of Bucharest, New Europe College.

– 2004-2007, Mechanics, machines, and natural philosophy in the Program “From Natural Philosophy to Science”

Organised by: The European Science Foundation.

– 2006-2007, The Seventeenth Century Passion Treatises

Organised by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, University of Bucharest, New Europe College.

– 2004-2005, Foundations of Early Modern Thought – FEM Talks

Organized by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, New Europe College, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest.

– 2003-2005, Theories of Matter and Mind in the Seventeenth Century

Organized by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, Western University “Vasile Goldis” Arad, New Europe College.

– 2002-2003, Models of Individuals in Early Modern Thought

Organized by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, Western University “Vasile Goldis” Arad, New Europe College, Bucharest, ARCHES, Bucharest.

– 2001-2002, Laws and Miracles in the Seventeenth Century

Organized by: Research Centre Foundations of Modern Thought, Western University “Vasile Goldis” Arad, New Europe College Bucharest.

Last update: May 10, 2009.

Course CDC CESI

Masterat CESI

Originile modernităţii

“Republica literelor”: Imagini, reprezentări şi metafore ale cunoaşterii în modernitatea europeană

2007-2008

Conf. Dr. Dana Jalobeanu

Cursul îşi propune să ofere elementele de bază cu ajutorul cărora studentul poate porni într-o explorare a fundamentelor modernităţii europene, recuperând texte, autori sau întrebări constitutive pentru modul nostru de a gândi. Obiectivul nostru principal este încurajarea citirii textelor originale în contextul în care acestea au fost scrise. Vom pleca în explorarea noastră de la tratatele filosofice cunoscute care întemeiază modernitatea şi le vom reciti în contextul intelectual al disputelor din epocă, recuperând astfel texte filosofice mai puţin cunoscute, scrisori, manuscrise, materiale de cercetare. Vom vedea astfel cum a început să se constituie ceea ce numim astăzi « filosofie modernă » dintr-o continuă şi fertilă interacţiune a minţilor, dintr-o permanentă colaborare intelectuală într-o lume în care graniţele disciplinare erau mult mai fluide decât astăzi.

Cursul propune un mod de predare interactiv, axat pe problematizare, oferă un sylabus flexibil, care poate varia în funcţie de interesele studenţilor, şi propune ca evaluare organizarea simulată a unei sesiuni de comunicări unde să fie prezentate rezultatele originale ale cercetării întreprinse de studenţi pe parcursul unui semestru. Temele şi materialele de curs, inclusiv o parte din bibliografia primară vor fi accesibile on-line pe pagina de internet a cursului, la http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/.

Tematica cursului :

1. Originile modernităţii : metafora începutului

Bibliografie:

Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, London, 1992, cap. III, I „The Enlightenment’s Newton”, 128-141

Roy Porter, Roy Porter, The English Enlightenment, Cap 1

Voltaire, Lettres Philosophiques, se pot accesa online pe gallica.fr

Materiale suplimentare:

Câteva notiţe de curs:

Curs1CESI.doc

O prezentare ppt:

CESI_curs1.ppt

2. Reforma cunoaşterii : Francis Bacon şi proiectele de restaurare a înţelepciunii antice

Bibliografie:

Bacon, The Advancement of learning, Bk 1
Bacon, Valerius Terminus (vezi pagina web a cursului)
Bacon, Noul Organon, Bk I

Câteva notiţe de curs:

curs2CESI.doc

3. Reforma cunoaşterii : explorare iconografică

Bibliografie:

Vickers, Ch. 1-5
Dana Jalobeanu, Ch. 5
David K. Weisser, „Bacon’s Borrowed Imagery“, The Review of English Studies, 38, 1987, 315-324

curs3CESI.doc

curs4CESI.doc

4. Lumi imaginare: Utopia, Cetatea Soarelui, Noua Atlantidă

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere, note şi studiu introductiv de Dana Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007
Tomasso Campanella, Cetatea Soarelui, Humanitas, 2006
J.V. Andreae, Christianopolis, English translation by E. Thomson, Kluwer, 1999
Manuel, Manuel, Utopian Thought in the Western World, 1979, Introducere, partea a II-a şi partea a III-a.

5. Imagini şi metafore baconiene : oceanul cunoaşterii, globul intelectual, frăţia luminii, Casa lui Solomon

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă
Dana Jalobeanu, studiu introductiv la Noua Atlantidă
Vickers, Ch. 1-5
James S. Tillman, „Pygmalion’s Idolatry and Hercules’ Faith: Religious Themes in Bacon’s Emblems”, South Atlantic Bulletin, 43, 1978, 67-74

6. Seminţele cunoaşterii » şi « oglinda intelectului »

Bibliografie:

Stephen Gaukroger, Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy, CUP, 2001
Peter Harisson, “The natural philosopher and the virtues”, in Condren, Gaukroger, Hunter, eds. The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, CUP, 2006
Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Seeds of Virtue and Knowledge, Princeton University Press, 1998, Ch. 1, 5, 6

7. Tema minţii bolnave şi a filosofiei vindecătoare

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noul Organon, I, teoria idolilor
Foucault, Technologies of the Self, University of Massachusets Press, 1988, Ch. 2
Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, cap. 7
J. Schmidt, „Melancholy and the Therapeutic language of Moral Philosophy in seventeenth century thought”, Journal of the History of Ideas, 65, 2004, 583-600

8. « Nebunia lumii » : umanismul creştin, reformă, anti-renaştere

Bibliografie:

Erasmus, Elogiul nebuniei
M. Todd, Christian Humanism and Puritan Social Order, Cambridge, 1987
Lipsius, De Constantia (On Constancy)
M.C.Horowitz, Ch.6, 7

9. Intelectul bolnav şi filosoful terapeut

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noul Organon, I
Lipsius, De Constantia (English translation by J. Stradling, edited by John Sellars, Ashgate, 2006)
Du Vair, The Moral Philosophy of Stoics (vezi http://www.modernthought.ro/)
Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

10. Filosofie, medicină, exerciţii spirituale : tema limitelor intelectului şi treptele vindecării

Bibliografie:

“Technologies of the self” in L.H. Martin, H. Gutman, P.H. Hutton, eds., Technologies of the Self. A Seminar with Michel Foucault, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1988
HADOT, P., Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

11. Filosofia ca terapie şi filosofia ca sistem: ce este filosofia modernă?

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Prefaţă la Great Instauration (see http://www.luminarium.org/ )
Descartes, Discurs asupra metodei, partea 1, 2
BOYLE, The Christian Virtuoso, I, London, 1690
Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea Modernităţii, ch.7

12. Scepticismul şi iconoclasmul modernităţii

Descartes, Meditaţii metafizice, Meditaţiile I, II
R. Popkin, The History of Scepticism from Savonarola to Bayle, OUP, 2003

13. Cenzura imaginilor: teologie raţională şi fizică matematică

Isaac Newton, General Scholium, Principiile matematice ale filosofiei naturale, (concluzia)
Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Napoca Star, 2006
Ioan Petru Culianu, Eros şi magie în Renaştere, ultimul capitol

14. Explorarea invizibilului

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, ultimul capitol
Newton, General Scholium

15. De ce suntem moderni?

Bibliografie:

Majoritatea bibliografiei pe care se bazează cursul, ca şi alte lucrări necesare pentru alcătuirea temelor de cercetare se găsesc on-line sau pot fi postate pe site-ul cursului la cerere. Nu ezitaţi să cereţi indicaţii bibliografice prin email: dana.jalobeanu@bbc.co.uk.

Bibliografie primară (orientativă):

Thomasso Campanella, Cetatea Soarelui, Humanitas, 2006
Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, book I, Valerius Terminus, bk I (volumele III, IV din ediţia Speding a operelor complete, disponibilă la NEC, ambele texte sunt disponibile şi online la http://www.luminarium.org/, link la Bacon). Pe site-ul cursului se găseşte ediţia cu care vom lucra, Wats, On the dignity and advancement of learning, London, 1670, o traducere a variantei latine a The advancement of learning, urmată de o variantă rezumată şi interesant editată a Noului Organon)
Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere, studiu introductiv şi note de Dana Jalobeanu, Editura Nemira, 2007
Descartes, Discurs asupra metodei – pe pagina de internet a cursului veţi găsi o variantă în limba franceză şi un link la o traducere engleză. Vă recomand traducerea apărută la editura Paideia, numai dacă vreţi neapărat să folosiţi o traducere.
Voltaire, Lettres philosophiques (fragmente)
Voltaire, Le siecle de Louis XIV
Isaac Newton, General Scholium, concluzia publicată la ediţia a doua a Principiilor matematice ale filosofiei naturale (ediţia românească, Editura Stiinţifică, 1957, traducere V. Marian). Variante şi drafturi successive în Hall, Hall, Unpublished papers of sir Isaac Newton, CUP, 1962.
Robert Boyle, Christian Virtuoso, London 1691 (vezi şi http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ )

Bibliografie secundară (orientativă):

1. Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Napoca Star, 2006

2. Ioan Petru Culianu, Eros şi magie în Renaştere, Nemira, 1994 (reeditat 2000)

3. Paul Hazard, Criza conştiinţei europene, Humanitas, 2007

4. Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Seeds of Virtue and Knowledge, Princeton University Press, 1998, Ch. 1, 5, 6

5. Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

6. Stephen Gaukroger, Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy, CUP, 2001

7. Peter Harisson, “The natural philosopher and the virtues”, in Condren, Gaukroger, Hunter, eds. The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, CUP, 2006

8. R. Olson, Science deified, science defied, v. 1, 2, London, 1992

9. Daniel Garber, Michael Ayers, Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, v.1, Cambridge University Press, 1998 (volumele se gasesc la biblioteca NEC)

10. F.Manuel, E. Manuel, Utopian Thought in Western World, Harvard University Press, 1979

11. Paul A. Olson, The Kingdom of Science. Literary utopianism and British Education, London, Chap. 1-3

12. Richard Foster-Jones, Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Rise of the Scientific Movement in 17^th century England, Dover Publications, Dover, 1982

13. Brian Vickers, Francis Bacon literary imagery, London, 1968

14. Max Weber, Etica protestantă şi spiritul capitalismului¸ Humanitas, 2007

Evaluare :

curs CDC Arad

Facultatea de Ştiinţe Umaniste, Politice şi Administrative

Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldiş

Masteratul de Etnologie Europeană

Conf. Dr. Dana Jalobeanu

Elemente de cultură europeană

„Republica literelor”:

Idei şi idealuri în Europa Modernă

Cursul face parte din grantul internaţional CDC 2007

Shaping the Republic of Letters: Science, philosophy and theology in Early Modern Europe

Obiective :

Cursul se adresează masteranzilor în Etnologie europeană şi va avea din start un caracter interdisciplinar, ţinând seama de formaţiile diferite ale studenţilor înscrişi. Principalul nostru obiectiv este încurajarea accesului la texte originale, textele fondatoare ale modernităţii europene şi citirea lor în contextul intelectual al epocii moderne timpurii. Studenţii vor fi încurajaţi să citească, să discute şi să problematizeze texte cheie (unele dintre ele sunt listate în bibliografie), să găsească şi să discute informaţii care să le faciliteze înţelegerea şi să îmbogăţească contextul întrebărilor fundamentale pe care le vor descoperi singuri, la curs şi seminar. De asemenea, pe parcursul audierii cursurilor şi discuţiilor de seminar, studenţii vor învăţa elementele fundamentale şi etapele elaborării unui proiect de cercetare.

Tematică şi bibliografie

Tematica cursului:

Originile modernităţii : metafora începutului

Bibliografie:

Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, London, 1992, cap. III, I „The Enlightenment’s Newton”, 128-141

Roy Porter, Roy Porter, The English Enlightenment, Cap 1

Voltaire, Lettres Philosophiques, cartea se găseşte pe Gallica.fr. O variantă engleză la http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1778voltaire-lettres.html

Câteva note de curs pe această temă şi o prezentare ppt. găsiţi aici

2. Reforma cunoaşterii : Francis Bacon şi proiectele de restaurare a înţelepciunii antice

Bibliografie:

Bacon, The Advancement of learning, Bk 1, vezi o variantă online la http://www.luminarium.org/ (şi multe alte informaţii despre Francis Bacon). Traducerea mea din Francis Bacon, The Advancement of learning se gaseste aici
Bacon, Valerius Terminus, la http://www.luminarium.org/

Bibliografie secundară:

Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Editura Napoca Star, 2006

Note de curs şi materiale:

O traducere a The Advancement of Learning găsiţi aici

Un sumar extins al The Advancement of Learning:

Advancement_outline.doc

3. Lumi imaginare: Utopia, Cetatea Soarelui, Noua Atlantidă

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere, note şi studiu introductiv de Dana Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007
Tomasso Campanella, Cetatea Soarelui, Humanitas, 2006
J.V. Andreae, Christianopolis, English translation by E. Thomson, Kluwer, 1999
Manuel, Manuel, Utopian Thought in the Western World, 1979, Introducere, partea a II-a şi partea a III-a.

Materiale de curs:

Câteva notiţe de curs despre subiectul general al utopiilor modernităţii (bazate în special pe cărţile lui Manuel şi Wunenburger)

utopii_note_curs.doc

Informaţii interesante şi materiale de plecare ar fi de găutat pe Gallica.fr, Dossier Utopie, respectiv în Dictionary of the History of Ideas (vezi linkurile la pagina de Course materials)

4. Lumi imaginare (II): propensitate utopistă şi reformă politică

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere, note şi studiu introductiv de Dana Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007
Tomasso Campanella, Cetatea Soarelui, Humanitas, 2006

Materiale de studiu:

Câteva notiţe de curs despre utopiile modernităţii, cu accent pe Thomas Morus şi Giordano Bruno

utopiile_modernitatii_note_curs.doc

5. Lumi imaginare (III): republici utopice şi Europa creştină

Bibliografie:

Bacon, Noua Atlantidă
Andreae, Christianopolis
Manuel, Manuel, Utopian Thought in the Western World, 1979, Partea III

Materiale de studiu:

Câteva notiţe de lectură despre Bacon, Andreae şi Comenius din perspectiva punctelor comune pe care le putem găsi între ei:

Bacon_Comenius_Andreae.doc

5. Un Commonwealth creştin: Comenius, Leibniz şi proiectele pansofice

Bibliografie:

Comenius, Labirinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart, vezi o versiune engleză la http://users.ox.ac.uk/~tayl0010/labyrint/indexE.htm
J.V. Andreae, Christianopolis, trad. E. Thomson, Kluwer, 2000

6. Imagini şi metafore baconiene : oceanul cunoaşterii, globul intelectual, frăţia luminii, Casa lui Solomon

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă
Dana Jalobeanu, studiu introductiv la Noua Atlantidă
Vickers, Ch. 1-5
James S. Tillman, „Pygmalion’s Idolatry and Hercules’ Faith: Religious Themes in Bacon’s Emblems”, South Atlantic Bulletin, 43, 1978, 67-74

Mintea bolnavă, filosofia vindecătoare şi republica înţelepţilor

Bibliografie:

Francis Bacon, Noul Organon, I, teoria idolilor
Foucault, Technologies of the Self, University of Massachusets Press, 1988, Ch. 2
Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, cap. 7
J. Schmidt, „Melancholy and the Therapeutic language of Moral Philosophy in seventeenth century thought”, Journal of the History of Ideas, 65, 2004, 583-600

« Nebunia lumii » : umanismul creştin, reformă, anti-renaştere. Premisele unei reforme politice

Bibliografie:

Erasmus, Elogiul nebuniei
M. Todd, Christian Humanism and Puritan Social Order, Cambridge, 1987
Lipsius, De Constantia (On Constancy)
M.C.Horowitz, Ch.6, 7

Filosofie, medicină, exerciţii spirituale : tema limitelor intelectului şi treptele vindecării

Bibliografie:

“Technologies of the self” in L.H. Martin, H. Gutman, P.H. Hutton, eds., Technologies of the Self. A Seminar with Michel Foucault, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1988

HADOT, P., Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

Alte materiale de studiu:

Un articol al meu despre filosofia ca terapie (publicat in Studies in Interdisciplinarity, 1, 2007)

Dana-Filosofie-terapie.doc

10. Filozofie, ştiinţă, religie: Europa Protestantă şi premisele modernităţii

HARRISON, P., “Original Sin and the Problem of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe”, Journal of the History of Ideas 63.2, 2002, 239-259

TODD, M., Christian Humanism and the Puritan Social Order, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998

WEBER, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London, 1930

WEBSTER, Charles, “The Puritan World View and the Rise of Modern Science” in The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine, and Reform, 1626-1660, London, Duckworth, 1975.

11. Filozofie şi comunitate: republica literelor

SHAPIN, Steven, A Social History of Truth, Oxford University Press, 1999!CONDREN, C., St. GAUKROGER and I. HUNTER, eds., The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe: The Nature of a Contested Identity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006

GAUKROGER, S., Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001

12. Modele ale republicii literelor: rolul coresponenţei savante

Descartes, Discurs asupra metodei, I, VI
Bacon, Noua Atlantidă
Corespondenţa lui Bacon şi Casa lui Solomon (http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ )

Cercul sau reţeaua: modele de comunitate intelectuală şi modele de dezvoltare politică

CRANE, Diana. Invisible Colleges: The Diffusion of Knowledge in Scientific Communities. Chicago 1972

EAMON, William. Science and the Secrets of Nature. Princeton, 1994.

LUX, David S. and Harold J. COOK. “Closed Circles or Open Networks?: Communicating at a Distance During the Scientific Revolution”. History of Science 36 (1998) 179-211

14. De ce suntem moderni?

Bibliografie:

Bibliografie primară (orientativă):

Thomasso Campanella, Cetatea Soarelui, Humanitas, 2006
Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, book I, Valerius Terminus, bk I (volumele III, IV din ediţia Speding a operelor complete, disponibilă la NEC, ambele texte sunt disponibile şi online la http://www.luminarium.org/, link la Bacon). Pe site-ul cursului se găseşte ediţia cu care vom lucra, Wats, On the dignity and advancement of learning, London, 1670, o traducere a variantei latine a The advancement of learning, urmată de o variantă rezumată şi interesant editată a Noului Organon)
Francis Bacon, Noua Atlantidă, traducere, studiu introductiv şi note de Dana Jalobeanu, Editura Nemira, 2007
Descartes, Discurs asupra metodei – pe pagina de internet a cursului veţi găsi o variantă în limba franceză şi un link la o traducere engleză. Vă recomand traducerea apărută la editura Paideia, numai dacă vreţi neapărat să folosiţi o traducere.
Voltaire, Lettres philosophiques (fragmente)
Voltaire, Le siecle de Louis XIV
Isaac Newton, General Scholium, concluzia publicată la ediţia a doua a Principiilor matematice ale filosofiei naturale (ediţia românească, Editura Stiinţifică, 1957, traducere V. Marian). Variante şi drafturi successive în Hall, Hall, Unpublished papers of sir Isaac Newton, CUP, 1962.
Robert Boyle, Christian Virtuoso, London 1691 (vezi şi http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ )

Bibliografie secundară (orientativă):

1. Dana Jalobeanu, Inventarea modernităţii, Napoca Star, 2006

2. Ioan Petru Culianu, Eros şi magie în Renaştere, Nemira, 1994 (reeditat 2000)

3. Paul Hazard, Criza conştiinţei europene, Humanitas, 2007

4. Maryanne Cline Horowitz, Seeds of Virtue and Knowledge, Princeton University Press, 1998, Ch. 1, 5, 6

5. Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

6. Stephen Gaukroger, Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early Modern Philosophy, CUP, 2001

7. Peter Harisson, “The natural philosopher and the virtues”, in Condren, Gaukroger, Hunter, eds. The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, CUP, 2006if !

8. R. Olson, Science deified, science defied, v. 1, 2, London, 1992

9. Daniel Garber, Michael Ayers, Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, v.1, Cambridge University Press, 1998 (volumele se gasesc la biblioteca NEC)

10. F.Manuel, E. Manuel, Utopian Thought in Western World, Harvard University Press, 1979

11. Paul A. Olson, The Kingdom of Science. Literary utopianism and British Education, London, Chap. 1-3

12. Richard Foster-Jones, Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Rise of the Scientific Movement in 17^th century England, Dover Publications, Dover, 1982

13. Brian Vickers, Francis Bacon literary imagery, London, 1968

14. Max Weber, Etica protestantă şi spiritul capitalismului¸ Humanitas, 2007

Evaluare :

Cum să ne alegem temele de lucrare?

1. Porninţi de la o întrebare

2. Căutaţi bibliografie

3. Întrebaţi

4. Stabiliţi bibliografia primară

5. Luaţi notiţe când citiţi

6. Discutaţi tema, întrebarea şi subiectul cu colegii şi cu profesorul

7. Stabiliţi bibliografia secundară

8. Formulaţi o teză (5 rânduri)

9. Trimiteţi teza şi bibliografia profesorului, pe email (deadline: 10 Decembrie)

10. Scrieţi un rezumat de 2 pagini (deadline 20 Decembrie)

11. Scrieţi o primă formă a lucrării. Circulaţi acest draft printre colegi şi trimiteţi-l pe mail profesorului (deadline 10 ianuarie)

12. Deadline de predare a lucrării 20 ianuarie.

Succes!

CDC Course 2007 – British Studies

CDC Course 2007

Shaping the Republic of Letters:

Philosophy, Science and Religion in Early Modern England

MA in British Cultural Studies 2007-2008, first semester

Proponents: Sorana Corneanu, Dana Jalobeanu

This course is part of a project run by Dr. Jalobeanu at the Foundations of European Modernity Research Centre, University of Bucharest, which has been awarded a course development grant from the Curriculum Development Centre, Central European University, Budapest. The project aims at introducing six courses on the origins of modernity to departments in three Romanian universities. While based on a common pattern, each of these courses will be adapted to the profile of the host departments (e.g. philosophy, history of science, political philosophy, cultural studies). These courses take a highly interdisciplinary and contextual approach to the question of the origins of modernity, conceived as a complex philosophical and cultural phenomenon that shaped modern European thought and practices.

The aim of this course is to enable students to develop competence in a particular thematic area, a specific historiographical approach, and a general way of thinking. That is to say, students taking this course are expected to become gradually conversant with the general problematic as well as the particular concepts relating to the origins of modern mind as bearing on the intersections of philosophy, religion, science and moral thought. They will also be expected to become competent in the highly contextual and historically sensitive way of doing intellectual history that is proposed by this course. And they will be expected to develop argumentative and critical skills as a result of the practice of debate proposed as a way of understanding the polemical context in which the issues discussed took shape.

Course Outline

The modern attitude

What is modernity? Is there such thing as a modern mind? Can we speak of the origins of the modern mind? Can we speak of a \”modern attitude\”? Questions as such were discussed ever since the eighteenth century and are still under debate in a number of fields today. We will adress such issues, however, not from the contemporary perspective, not using secondary literature, but by looking directly into primary sources of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, asking questions about the origins of modernity.

Bibliography:

BACON, Advancement of Learning (book 1), Valerius Terminus (book 1)

VOLTAIRE, Lettres philosophiques, Le siecle de Louis XIV (chap. 1, 29)

KANT, What is Enlightenment? (Romanian translation by M. Flonta in Filosofia practică a lui Immanuel Kant, Polirom, 2006)

FOUCAULT, What is Enlightenment?

PORTER, Roy, Enlightenment, Penguin Books, 2001

2. Ancients, moderns and the reformation of knowledge: a new ethos

The iconography of a reformation of knowledge
Bacon\’s images for the Great Instauration

Bibliography:

JALOBEANU, Dana. Inventarea modernităţii. Cluj: Napoca Star, 2006

HAZARD, Paul, Criza conştiinţei europene, Humanitas, 2007, Chap. 5, « Psihologia neliniştii »

FOSTER-JONES, Richard, Ancients and Moderns: A Study of the Rise of the Scientific Movement in 17^th century England, Dover Publications, Dover, 1982

See the page of course materials for additional bibliography.

The “new philosophy” and the new philosophers

Seventeenth century is the century of the \”new philosophy\”. Bacon, Descartes, Pascal or Newton are invoked here as the founding fathers of the modern ethos? Why is that? Is there any trademark of the new philosopher, accepted in the seventeenth century? What was the self-perception of the seventeenth century philosophers? How did they define the new philosophy?

Bibliography:

BACON, Preface to The Great Instauration

COMENIUS, Labyrinth of the World and Paradise of the Heart

OLDENBURG, Letters on the Royal Society (Correspondence, volume IV, selected letters)

COHEN, I.F. The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994

MENN, Stephen, „The Intellectual setting“ in Garber, Ayers, eds., The Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, CUP, 1998, v.1, 33-86

LUTHY, Christoph. “What to do with seventeenth-century philosophy: a taxonomical problem”. Perspectives on Science, 8.2, 2000, 164-195

Solomon’s House: the model

In seventeenth century, Bacon\’s favorite image of a \”scientific\” institution, \”Solomon\’s House\”, functioned as a model for the community of the new philosophers in England and various parts of Europe. Why was this image so powerful? Why was it interesting for the new philosophers?

Bibliography:

BACON, New Atlantis, London 1627

HARTLIB, Macaria, London, 1668

GLANVILL, “Anti-fanatical Religion and Free Philosophy. In a Continuation of the New Atlantis” in Essays, London 1676

PETTY, The advice of W.P. to Mr. Samuel Hartlib, London 1648

JALOBEANU, D., “Studiu introductiv” in Bacon, Noua Atlantida, ed. and trans. D. Jalobeanu, Nemira, 2007

TREVOR-ROPER, Hugh. The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation, and Social Change, and other Essays. London: Macmillan, 1967

Science and religion: the Protestant ethos

Bacon\’s model for a reformed science is constantly sending the reader to the original: the Protestand Reformation, the reformation of Luther and Calvin. Although instisting on the separation between sciences and faith, Bacon is often defending a number of theological positions. Some of them are more difficult to perceive because one knows little nowadays about the theological disputations of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. This course will try to prove what can one gain by exploring Bacon and the new philosophy in a broader theological context.

Bibliography:

HARRISON, P., “Original Sin and the Problem of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe”, Journal of the History of Ideas 63.2, 2002, 239-259

TODD, M., Christian Humanism and the Puritan Social Order, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998

WEBER, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, London, 1930

WEBSTER, Charles, “The Puritan World View and the Rise of Modern Science” in The Great Instauration: Science, Medicine, and Reform, 1626-1660, London, Duckworth, 1975.

Science and religion: natural philosophy and natural theology

Natural philosophy ceased to be a School discipline in seventeenth century and extends far beyond the boundaries of any school philosophy. Various redefinitions of the \”new philosophy\” were formulated, with an emphasis on natural philosophy as natural theology. We will try to explore some of the most relevant, while inquiring into the ways in which natural philosophy was seen as a science about God and God\’s creation, perceived from the secondary causes.

Bibliography:

BACON, F., The New Atlantis, Valerius Terminus, The Advancement of Learning

BOYLE, R., A free inquiry into the vulgarly received notion of nature, London, 1685; A Discourse of Things above Reason, London 1681

GLANVILL, J., Philosophia Pia, London 1671

FUNKENSTEIN, Amos, Theology and the Scientific Imagination, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986

SARGENT, M.-R., The Diffident Naturalist. Robert Boyle and the Philosophy of Experiment, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1995

The book of nature: the uses of hermeneutics

HARRISON, Peter. The Bible, Protestantism and the Rise of Natural Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998

SARGENT, M.-R., The Diffident Naturalist. Robert Boyle and the Philosophy of Experiment, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1995

Science and humanism: genres

Humanist genres: the sylva, the commonplace book, utopia, correspondence

DE BRUYN, Frans, “The Classical Silva and the Generic Development of Scientific Writing in Seventeenth-Century England”, New Literary History, 32, 2001, 347-373

FINDLEN, Paula, “Jokes of Nature and Jokes of Knowledge” The Playfulness of Scientific Discourse in Early Modern Europe”, Renaissance Quarterly……..

POMATA, Gianna and Nancy SIRAISI, eds., Historia. Empiricism and Erudition in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, Mass., London, England: The MIT Press, 2005 (Introduction)

THOMAS, Keith, “The Utopian Impulse in Seventeenth-Century England” in D. Baker-Smith and C.C. Barfoot, eds., Between Dream and Nature: Essays on Utopia and Dystopia, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1987

BEAL, Peter. “Notions in Garrison: The Seventeenth-Century Commonplace Book” in W. Speed Hill, ed., New Ways of Looking at Old Texts, Binghamton, NY, 1993

Science and humanism: persona

SHAPIN, Steven, A Social History of Truth, Oxford University Press, 1999

CONDREN, C., St. GAUKROGER and I. HUNTER, eds., The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe: The Nature of a Contested Identity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006

GAUKROGER, S., Francis Bacon and the Transformation of Early-Modern Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001

A practice of the mind: curing the madness

REYNOLDS, E., A Treatise of the Passions and Faculties of the Soul of Man, London, 1640

BACON, The New Organon, Book I

GLANVILL, The Vanity of Dogmatizing, London, 1661

GAUKROGER, St., ed., The Soft Underbelly of Reason. The Passions in the Seventeenth Century, Routledge, London and New York, 1998

JAMES, S., Action and Passion: The Emotions in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997

A practice of the mind: the Christian Virtuoso figure

BOYLE, The Christian Virtuoso, I, London, 1690

FOUCAULT, M., “Technologies of the self” in L.H. Martin, H. Gutman, P.H. Hutton, eds., Technologies of the Self. A Seminar with Michel Foucault, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1988

HADOT, P., Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, tr. Michael Chase, Blackwell, Oxford UK and Cambridge USA, 1995

JONES, Mathew, The Good life in the Scientific Revolution, Chicago University Press, 2006, part I

The routes of knowledge: closed circles or open networks?

CRANE, Diana. Invisible Colleges: The Diffusion of Knowledge in Scientific Communities. Chicago 1972.

EAMON, William. Science and the Secrets of Nature. Princeton 1994

LUX, David S. and Harold J. COOK. “Closed Circles or Open Networks?: Communicating at a Distance During the Scientific Revolution”. History of Science 36 (1998) 179-211

Evaluation

Since student participation in class debate is crucial for the success of this course, involvement in such critical discussion will figure prominently in the assessment percentage. This component will take the form of several types of task: preparation of conceptual stance established with tutor and defended in open debate; two short written essays on questions that emerge from class discussion; one group research project on topic of debate introduced in class. Together, these assignments will make for 60% of the final mark. The remaining 40% will be covered by a final examination, which will consist of a defence and discussion of the project, and a separate group exam, in which teams of 3-5 students are expected to answer and debate questions related to the entire series of topics covered in class throughout the semester.

THE TEAM

Dana Jalobeanu

Reader in Philosophy, PhD in history and philosophy of science, research fellowships at Oxford University and Warburg Institute, London, New Europe College, Bucharest. She is director of programmes at FME centre. She has published a book on the foundations of European Modernity, Inventarea modernitatii, Napoca Star, Cluj, 2006. She has translated Francis Bacon\’s New Atlantis (Noua Atlantida), Nemira, Bucuresti, 2007. Her current research interest bears upon the relationship between natural philosophy, moral philosophy and religion in Early Modern Europe.

She is one of the organisers of the regular summer seminar Princeton-Bucharest seminar in Early Modern Philosophy and the coordinator of the regular FME research group meeting at New Europe College. She coordinates the CDC grant 2007 Shaping the Republic of Letters: Science, philosophy and theology in Early Modern Europe, aiming at the implementation of 6 courses on Foundations of European Modernity in three Romanian universities.

Sorana Corneanu

PhD candidate, English Department, with a thesis on the Cultivation of the mind in Early Modern England, fellowships at Oxford University and New Europe College, Bucharest. She teaches the MA course Shaping the Republic of Letters: Origins of modern ethos.

Catalin Avramescu

Lecturer in Political Philosophy, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Bucharest, research fellowships at New Europe College, University of Ferrara, NIAS, Netherlands, University of Edinburgh etc. He has published a number of books, the most recent, Filosoful Crud, Humanitas, 2004, is being translated and will be published by Princeton University. More informations on his personal web page.

Catalin Avramescu will teach the course Political Philosophy: Foundations of European Modernity, to 2nd and 3rd year BAs, Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Bucharest.

Sorin Costreie

Lecturer in Philosophy, Philosophy Department, University of Bucharest. PhD thesis on the relation between metaphysics and mathematics in the philosophy of Leibniz. Sorin is finishing a second PhD at the University of Western Ontario.

Will teach the course in the Philosophy Department, together with Dana Jalobeanu.

Daniel Garber

Professor of Philosophy
Princeton University

Curriculum vitae – pdf.

Address: Department of Philosophy

1879 Hall Princeton University Princeton,

NJ 08544-1006

Telephone: 609-258-4307 (voice)

609-258-1502 (FAX)

609-258-4289 (Departmental office)

Email: dgarber@princeton.edu

EDUCATIONAL RECORD

Harvard University, 1967-1975

A.B. in Philosophy, 197l

A.M. in Philosophy, 1974

Ph.D. in Philosophy, 1975

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Princeton University 2002- Professor of Philosophy

University of Chicago

1995-2002 : Lawrence Kimpton Distinguished Service Professor in Philosophy, the Committee on Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science, the Morris Fishbein Center for Study of History of Science and Medicine and the College

1986-2002 Professor

1982-86 Associate Professor (with tenure)

1975-82 Assistant Professor

1998-2002 Chairman, Committee on Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science formerly Conceptual Foundations of Science)

2001 Acting Chairman, Department of Philosophy

1995-98 Associate Provost for Education and Research

1994-95 Chairman, Conceptual Foundations of Science

Harvard College 1972-75 Teaching Assistant and Tutor

University of Minnesota, Spring 1979, Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy

Johns Hopkins University, 1980-1981, Visiting Assistant Professor of Philosophy

Princeton University 1982-1983 Visiting Associate Professor of Philosophy

Institute for Advanced Study, 1985-1986, Member

DISSERTATION

\”A Theory of Justification\”

Advisors: Roderick Firth, Hilary Putnam

AREAS OF SPECIAL COMPETENCE

1. Metaphysics and epistemology in the history of science and philosophy, especially in the seventeenth century.

2. Philosophy of science, especially questions relating to rational belief and belief change.

LANGUAGES: French, Latin, Italian, German

PAPERS DELIVERED (Selected):

Since 1976, I have given invited lectures at the APA (all three divisions), History of Science Society, University of Minnesota, Johns Hopkins University, Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, Virginia Tech, Rutgers University, University of Pittsburgh, Brown University, Université de Paris IV (Sorbonne), University of Notre Dame, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Kings College (University of London), Warburg Institute, Université de Paris X (Nanterre), École Normale Superieure (Paris), École Normale Superieure (Lyon), University of Michigan, Hebrew University (Jersualem Spinoza Institute), University of Utrecht (The Netherlands), Dartmouth College, Harvard University (History of Science), University of Toronto, University of Lecce (Italy), Dibner Institute for the History of Science (M.I.T.), Cambridge University, Université de Bourgogne, Catholic Pontifical University of Saő Paulo (Brazil), University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), University of Porto (Portugal), Northwestern University, Indiana University, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (Berlin), University of Perugia (Italy), Université de Poitiers (France), University of Tel Aviv, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (Paris), Universitŕ degli studi Milano (Italy), Universidade de Săo Paulo (Brazil), University College London (UK), University of Wisconsin, Madison, University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, University of California, Irvine, Tulane University, University of Florence (Italy), University of Frankfurt (Germany), Centre Alexandre Koyré (Paris) and numerous other universities, societies, and conferences.

BOOKS

Leibniz: Philosophical Essays. A collection of translations from Leibniz, edited and translated in collaboration with Roger Ariew. (Indianapolis: Hackett Press, 1989). [A second edition is in preparation.]

Descartes\’ Metaphysical Physics. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).

The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, ed. by Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). [A paperback version is in preparation.]

La physique métaphysique de Descartes. (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1999). [This is a translation of Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics.]

Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science. (Cambridge University Press, 2001). [This is a collection of some of my previously published articles on Descartes.]

Descartes in Seventeenth-Century England. A series of ten volumes of facsimile reprints, edited and introduced by Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew. Thoemmes Press, 2002.

Storia della Scienza, volume V: La rivoluzione scientifica. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2002. [This is an edited volume, edited by DG and Enrico Giusti, part of a complete history of science.]

J.C. Frey: Cribrum Philosophorum (1628). Facsimile edition, with introduction by Daniel Garber and Roger Ariew. Forthcoming: Conte Editore, Lecce (Italy).

Corps cartésiens, Presses Universitaires de France, 2005 [This is a translation of Descartes Embodied]

ARTICLES (selected)

\”On the Emergence of Probability,\” (with Sandy Zabell), Archives for History of Exact Sciences 2l (1979).

\”A Point of Order: Analysis, Synthesis, and Descartes\’s Principles,\” (with Lesley Cohen) in Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 64 (1982), pp. 136-147.

\”Mind, Body, and the Laws of Nature in Descartes and Leibniz,\” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 8 (1983), 105-133.

\”Understanding Interaction: What Descartes Should Have Told Elizabeth,\” Southern Journal of Philosophy 2l supp. (1983), 15-32.

\”Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: the Middle Years,\” in K. Okruhlik and J. R. Brown (eds.), The Natural Philosophy of Leibniz (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985), pp. 27-130.

\”How God Causes Motion: Descartes, Divine Sustenance, and Occasionalism,\” Journal of Philosophy, October 1987.

\”Descartes et la méthode en 1637,\” in Le Discours et sa méthode, edited by J. -L. Marion and N. Grimaldi (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1987), pp. 65-87.

\”Descartes les aristoteliciens, et la revolution qui n\’eut pas lieu en 1637,\” in H. Méchoulan, ed., Problématique et réception du Discours de la Méthode (Paris: J. Vrin, 1988).

\”Descartes and Occasionalism,\” in Steven Nadler, ed., Causation in Early Modern Philosophy (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993), pp. 9-26.

\”Descartes and Experiment in the Discourse and Essays,\” in Stephen Voss, ed., Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René Descartes (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 288-310.

\”Experiment, Community, and the Constitution of Nature in the Seventeenth-Century,\” Perspectives on Science 3 (1995), pp. 173-205; reprinted in John Earman and John Norton, eds., The Cosmos of Science: Essays of Exploration (University of Pittsburgh Press and Universitätsverlag Konstanz, 1997), pp. 24-54.

\”Descartes and Spinoza on Persistence and Conatus,\” Studia Spinozana 10 (1994), 43-67. [This volume actually appeared in 1997]

\”Leibniz on Form and Matter,\” in Early Science and Medicine 2 (1997), pp. 326-352.

\”Mind and Soul: Life and Thought in the Seventeenth Century,\” in the Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

\”Mind-Body Problems,\” co-authored with Margaret Wilson, in the Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

\”Descartes, or the Cultivation of the Intellect,\” in A. Rorty, ed., Philosophers on Education (London: Routledge, 1998), 124-138.

\” �A Free Man Thinks of Nothing Less than of Death�: Spinoza on the Eternity of the Mind,\” forthcoming in a festschrift for Margaret Wilson (London: Routledge, 2002).

\”Physics, Metaphysics, and the Problem of First Causes,\” forthcoming in Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, eds., The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 3: Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2002).

�Defending Aristotle/Defending Society in Early 17th C Paris,� forthcoming in a collection of papers to be edited by Claus Zittel and Wolfgang Dettel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

WORK IN PROGRESS

How Aristotle Was Refuted: the Pre-History of the Mechanical Philosophy. A book-length study of the intellectual, social, and cultural background to the rejection of Aristotelian natural philosophy and the emergence of the mechanical philosophy as it happened in the first half of the seventeenth century. Figures treated will include Galileo, Mersenne, Descartes, Hobbes, and Gassendi, in addition to many lesser-known contemporaries. In progress.

Leibniz: Substance, Body, and Force. A book-length study of Leibniz\’s views on the physical world. It will be concerned with his notions of substance and force, the relation between substances, forces, and the kinds of bodies treated in physics and biology, and the foundations of his mathematical physics. In progress.

The Yale Leibniz. A collaborative project under the general editorship of Daniel Garber and Robert Sleigh. At the invitation of Yale University Press, the editors are starting work on ten volumes of Leibniz\’s selected writings on philosophy taken broadly, including physics, mathematics, and theology. The completed project will include newly edited original language texts as well as English translations, and will be the joint work of a number of scholars, under the supervision of the general editors. Prospectus available.

The Cambridge Philosophical Texts in Context. A collaborative project under the general editorship of Daniel Garber and John Cottingham. At the invitation of Cambridge University Press, the editors are publishing a series of books joining together primary source materials important for the understanding of key texts in the history of philosophy, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Prospectus available.

SOCIETIES

American Philosophical Association

Philosophy of Science Association

History of Science Society

British Society for History of Philosophy

Centre d\’Etudes Cartésiennes (Université de Paris-IV) (Conseil scientifique)

Leibniz Society of America (Past President)

International Berkeley Society Society for the History of the Philosophy of Science

JOURNALS AND SERIES

Co-editor (with Steven Nadler), Oxford Studies in Early-Modern Philosophy

Board of Editors, Oxford Studies in the History of Philosophy

Board of Editors, New Synthese Library of Philosophy (Kluwer)

Board of Editors, Perspectives on Science

Board of Editors, London Studies in the History of Philosophy (Routledge)

Board of Advisors, The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy.

Consulting Editor, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science.

Consulting Editor, British Journal for the History of Philosophy.

DEPARTMENTAL REVIEWS

University of Kentucky (February, 1994)

Wellesley College (February, 1996)

University of California, San Diego (January, 1999)

Washington University, St. Louis (November, 2001)

University of Pittsburgh (HPS) (April, 2002)

University of South Florida (October, 2002)

Duke University (January 2003)

MISC.

Advisory Council, Department of Philosophy, Princeton University, 1997-2001.

College of Reviewers, Canada Research Chairs Program (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada), 2000-2002.

Member, Selection committee, “New Directions” Fellowship program, Mellon Foundation

Member, Conseil Scientifique du Collège International de Philosophie (Paris)

International Board and Honorary Member, Research Center for the Foundations of Early Modern Thought, University of Bucharest

Advisor to the “Babeş-Bolyai” University (Cluj-Napoca, Romania) on the History and Philosophy of Science.

Comité international, Corpus Européen de Philosophie Générale et de Philosophie des Sciences en Langue Française